The East held it to be written by a different person, John the Elder. His death in the Roman arena is recorded by Polycarp’s disciple St. Irenaeus, who died about 200–203. There are also those who heard from him [Polycarp] that John, the disciple of the Lord, going to bathe at Ephesus, and perceiving Cerinthus within, rushed out of the bath-house without bathing, exclaiming, “Let us fly, lest even the bath-house fall down, because Cerinthus, the … It has been depicted by scholars as anything between the original of the … Adv. John wrote 5 books. Polycarp. Like Ignatius, Polycarp suffered the martyr’s death in a coliseum in A.D. 155. I John is sometimes called the epistle of no compromise or the fellowship epistle. As an old man, he was the bishop of the Church at Smyrna in Asia Minor (present-day Turkey). A.D. 70-160), who was a disciple of the Apostle John, and he testified on Polycarp’s authority that John wrote the gospel during his residence at Ephesus in Asia Minor when he was advanced in age (Against Heresies 2.22.5; 3.1.1). 100–110: 1 John: Anonymous. b. Authorship.—Polycarp, the disciple of John [Epistle to the Philippians, 7], quotes 1Jo 4:3. I, II, & III John: Polycarp was John's disciple. had heard Polycarp (ca. Summary of early church evidence (1) Clement of Rome (a.d. 90) makes allusions to 1 John (2) Polycarp of Smyrna, Philippians 7 (a.d. 110-140) quotes 1 John (3) Justin Martyr's, Dialogue 123:9 (a.d. 150-160) quotes 1 John Hippolytus of Rome (/ h ə ˈ p ɑː l ɪ t ə s /, Greek: Ἱππόλυτος; c. 170 – c. 235 AD) was one of the most important second-third century Christian theologians, whose provenance, identity and corpus remain elusive to scholars and historians.Suggested communities include Palestine, Egypt, Anatolia, Rome and regions of the mideast. Irenaeus says that John, the disciple of the Lord who was with Jesus in the upper room, wrote the gospel of John while living in Ephesus (Haer. 90–110/50–60: Jude: Traditionally attributed to Jesus' brother Jude. John is traditionally regarded as the author of five books of the Bible: the Gospel of John, the epistles 1 John, 2 John, and 3 John, and the Book of Revelation, although some Bible scholars dispute which of these (if any) he actually wrote. Sometime later Polycarp wrote to the church of Philippi in Macedonia for news about Ignatius and his companions, who had recently passed through their city. We can read the writings of men like Ignatius, Clement, and Polycarp, who were personal disciples of the apostles. The early church father Irenaeus (ca. Polycarp was likely born in Turkey, about 69 C.E. 3.16.5 is a quotation of 1 John 2:18-19 and 21-22, and 3.16.8 is quoted from 2 John 7-8 which also appears in 1 John 4:1-2 and 5:1. The crowd began to call for the Christians' leader Polycarp. Eusebius [Ecclesiastical History, 3.39] says of Papias, a hearer of John, and a friend of Polycarp, "He used testimonies from the First Epistle of John." The best historians of literature in the … "Now I begin to be a disciple. Theophilus of Antioch quoted the first verse of the gospel around 180 AD and named John as author. Polycarp was a disciple of the apostle John just as John was a disciple of Jesus. According to the Martyrdom of Polycarp, he died a martyr, bound and burned at the stake, then stabbed when the fire failed to consume his body. No consensus on date. I, II, and III John were all written from Ephesus. Irenæus, according to Eusebius [Ecclesiastical History, 5.8], often quoted this Epistle. In the Martyrdom of Polycarp, written at the time of Polycarp’s death, we read, … I John's key word is "love" and is used 46 times. A.D. 130-200), was a disciple of Polycarp (ca. Documentation ends here; the rest is inference. Irenaeus even writes that when he himself was young, he knew another teacher, Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna (c. AD 69–155), who claimed to have been tutored by John. If John the Presbyter was a separate apostle, he is credited with writing the book of Revelations. Polycarp is regarded as a saint and Church Father in the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Anglican, and Lutheran churches. Information on Didache. His name means "much fruit" in Greek. It was apparently from Polycarp that Irenaeus learned that, "John, the disciple of the Lord, who also had leaned upon His breast, had himself published a Gospel during his residence in Ephesus in … A.D. 69-155), a disciple of John. According to Irenaeus, Polycarp “was instructed by the apostles, and was brought into contact with many who had seen Christ.” He lived from the latter half of the first century to the mid-second century. 100 St. Polycarp 69–155 Feast: February 23 This disciple of St. John the Apostle was appointed bishop of Smyrna (now Izmir,... Jan 28, 2022 December 2021/January 2022 - St. Adelaide Polycarp was a personal disciple of the Apostle John. … Let fire and cross, flocks of beasts, broken bones, dismemberment … come upon me, so long as I attain to Jesus … Polycarp was a bishop of the early church, a disciple of the apostle John, a contemporary of Ignatius, and the teacher of Irenaeus. This was one reason he was greatly revered as a teacher and church leader. Traditionally attributed to John, Jesus' beloved disciple. Polycarp, a second-century Christian martyr who knew John personally, told Irenaeus that John had written the book during the apostle’s time serving the church in Ephesus. Tradition was unanimous among the early Church fathers that John, the beloved Apostle, was the author of 1 John. This reserve would confirm the tradition of the old church that John, the disciple of the Lord, is the author of this Gospel. Which apostle burned to death? Jonathan Draper writes (Gospel Perspectives, v. 5, p. 269):Since it was discovered in a monastery in Constantinople and published by P. Bryennios in 1883, the Didache or Teaching of the Twelve Apostles has continued to be one of the most disputed of early Christian texts. Persecution against the Christians broke out there and believers were being fed to the wild beasts in the arena. He is also believed to be the only disciple who died of old age (the others were allegedly martyred). Of course, we cannot do that today, but we can do the next best thing. haer. This is confirmed by Irenaeus (140 to 202 AD) who was a pupil of Polycarp of Smyrna (who himself had known John). 1.16.3 is a quotation of 2 John 11 in which Irenaeus adds that the Epistle was written by the Lord’s disciple John, who was also the author of the Fourth Gospel. The epistle’s content, language and conceptual style are very similar to the Gospel of John, 2 John, and 3 John. Challenged in the East. It is certain that, while still very young, Irenaeus had seen and heard the holy Bishop Polycarp (d. 155) at Smyrna … [who was] the disciple of St. John [making St. Irenaeus], in a … 3.1.2). Tradition holds that he was a disciple of Saint Polycarp who himself was a disciple of Saint John and a friend of Ignatius of Antioch. Irenaeus, writing at about AD 200, says that the Beloved Disciple was John, the disciple of Jesus, and that John originated the Gospel at Ephesus. The West held it to be by the author of the gospel of John. Imagine being able to talk to a Christian leader who had been a personal disciple of one of the apostles! Both Irenaeus and Tertullian say that Polycarp had been a disciple of John the Apostle, one of Jesus' disciples. In Christian tradition, John’s gospel has always been referred to as the fourth gospel, meaning it was composed after the other three. I John's theme is Fellowship. Polycarp was an old man, at least 86 (see part 10), and probably the last surviving person to have known an apostle, having been a disciple of St. John. a. He was a student of the obscure disciple John the Presbyter, sometimes considered to be the same as John the Divine.
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